PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.